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Numerous safe, practical, nonchemical techniques of plant defense and insect management might reduce or eliminate the need to spray. Other techniques are most helpful when utilized with pesticides. To implement management practices correctly and to lessen losses, garden enthusiasts ought to understand the types of pests that attack plants and understand pest biology.


Insect management methods fall into 4 groups: cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical. Keeping plants healthy and avoiding plant stress assists plants to much better endure and repair the damage caused by an insect or mite pest. Some evidence suggests that healthy plants withstand problem by pests better than plants with low vigor.


Many serious illness or insect issues can be stopped or slowed by frequently checking out the garden, knowing what to search for, acknowledging prospective problems, and intervening early. Cultural methods of reducing pest and mite problems in the landscape include preparing the soil; picking plants that are adjusted to the website conditions, that are not attractive to bugs, and that are tolerant of pests and illness; turning crops; interplanting; timing planting dates to avoid insects; managing weeds; and planting "trap" crops.

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If tilling is deemed necessary, consider doing it in the fall when the life cycles of lots of insects brings them near the surface. At the surface area, pests become exposed to the weather in addition to birds and other natural opponents. Fall tilling can also destroy pests in crop residues. Usage disease-free and insect-free certified seeds and plants if offered.




Examine plants thoroughly (tops of leaves, bottoms of leaves, stems, and soil) before planting to be sure they are clean. Consider planting determined as resistant to bugs. Resistant cultivars are those that repel, are unappealing to, or otherwise are inappropriate as food for specific bugs or that withstand feeding by particular pests with little reduction in yield or quality.


If deer are a problem in a garden, select a plant that is naturally resistant to deer predation over a plant that is more attractive to deer. A native downy hawthorn (Crataegus mollis) would be a much better option than an Eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis). Planting two comparable crops in succeeding years tends to increase pest issues.

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Some insects hibernate in the soil or litter around plants or lay eggs in or on the host plant. Do not grow the same sort of vegetable in the same place each year (Figure 84). Usage associated crops in a site just as soon as every three or 4 years. The rotation period for preventing some tomato illness may be five to 7 years.




Crop rotation is most reliable on bugs that establish on a few plants. Pests that become severe on cabbage most likely likewise infest close-by mustard, broccoli, and collards, but they may not spread to cabbage planted on the other side of the garden.


Marigolds and garlic are two plants recommended as insect repellants; nevertheless, important site most of these recommendations are unproven. In some cases, the evidence suggests these plants are not efficient repellants.

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The flowers of thistle, plantain, knotweed, and dandelion are very important to honey bee populations. Removing weeds after blooming however prior to seed set provides food for the honey bees but keeps the weeds from continuing to spread. Another way to handle insect bugs is to plant a crop that is really appealing to bugs and after that treat the trap crop with insecticide.


Crop rotation is a valuable cultural method for decreasing bug and illness concerns, however numerous garden enthusiasts do not have the space to adequately implement this practice. Where area is restricted, it may be best to enable the garden to lay fallow for a year or two or more. Consider raised beds with brand-new soil index or plant in containers when you know a disease problem exists.


Almost any large non-venomous insect can be chosen off at any stage. To prevent the task of hand-squashing the pests, knock the pests and egg clusters into a coffee can or quart container with a small quantity of water and a bit of meal cleaning agent. Insect traps can assist with detection and management.

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Likewise, these traps do not capture some wingless types, in addition to those species active only during the day (diurnal) as opposed to active during the night (nocturnal). Pheromone traps are used for discovering the presence of pests or in some cases for interfering with insect breeding practices. Adult women produce and launch a chemical smell attractive to males of the very same species.


Rain, cool temperature levels, wind speed, and wind instructions can decrease the lures' effectiveness. Heat, sunlight, or improper storage can damage scented lures. The very best success takes place when the insect density is low and movement into the area is minimal. Some physical traps are easy to make from materials around the house.


Reapply every one to 3 weeks. This barrier is preventive; it will not work if an insect pest is already established.

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Some pests, such as the azalea stem borer and the dogwood club find gall (Figure 813), can be handled by pruning contaminated twigs out of infested plants and destroying them. If twigs plagued with dogwood twig borers are pruned in late spring or early summer, the plants ought to still bloom with no issue the following spring - pest exterminator in Medford.